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The titular object of Tan’s essay, the fish cheek, is a poignant symbol of Tan’s cultural heritage. It also serves to explore the themes of shame and the desire to assimilate. The centerpiece of the family’s meal that evening is the steamed fish, including the fish cheeks. In Chinese culture, fish cheeks are considered a delicacy, a soft and enticing part of the fish; more than this, though, fish cheeks are one of Tan’s favorite foods at 14. Tan’s rejection of this food represents her rejection of her heritage and her shame at her Chinese identity. In this way, Tan’s focus on fish cheeks becomes a symbol for the cultural clash she experiences as she struggles to embrace her Chinese heritage while living in an American environment. It is not until the end of the essay, and at a point much later in time, that Tan recalls the food of that evening fondly, realizing that her mother had prepared all her favorite foods. Therefore, the food, and particularly the fish cheeks, act as a reminder that her cultural heritage should bring pride, rather than shame.
The miniskirt, which appears in the second to last paragraph of the essay, can be interpreted as a representation of the larger, mainstream American culture. One of the focal elements of the essay is Tan’s desire to fit into this American culture, and in this way, the miniskirt serves as a symbol of the white Americanness that Tan wishes to assimilate into. For the majority of the essay she seeks this acceptance from Robert and his family as she obsessively notes their reactions to her boisterous relatives and the traditional Chinese dinner her mother has prepared. However, Tan’s search for acceptance also extends beyond Robert’s family, as she clearly desires to have an “American nose” and looks for approval by following American fashion trends. When Tan’s mother gifts her the miniskirt, she is acknowledging her daughter’s desire to assimilate and the discomfort she must feel at not fitting into their new culture. However, she also imparts a meaningful lesson. She reminds Tan that although she can be “the same as American girls on the outside” (Paragraph 7), she cannot erase her Chinese identity. This strategic move by the author essentially disarms the power of the miniskirt, and therefore disarms the power American culture has over Tan. The miniskirt becomes secondary to the mother’s lesson, as the author brings the lesson, rather than the skirt, with her as she matures and eventually realizes the significance of her mother’s words.
In Tan’s essay, the symbolic significance of Robert’s family lies in their role as unwitting ambassadors of American culture, serving as a stark contrast to Tan’s own Chinese heritage. The Christmas Eve dinner puts their cultural differences on full display. Robert’s family acts as a filter through which Tan imagines the white American might view and judge her family. Situating Robert’s family in this role allows Tan to interact with broader concepts, such as societal and cultural dynamics, in a tangible way. By paying close attention to Robert’s family, Tan observes American culture. It is here the reader comes to understand the realities of Tan’s shame of her own background. The presence of Robert’s family accentuates the nuanced layers of cultural disparity and Tan’s internal struggle as she tries to reconcile her Chinese heritage with the prevailing white American culture around her.
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By Amy Tan