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Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of substance abuse, violence, self-injury, attempted suicide, and involuntary medical procedures.
In 1817 Edinburgh, two young resurrection men named Davey and Munro steal the recently buried body of Penelope Harkness from Thornhill Kirkyard. They leave the body’s clothes behind because their crime would become a felony if they were caught taking property from the grave. The boys fill the grave back up with dirt and place the corpse in a wheelbarrow. Davey is uneasy as they go about their work, feeling “an odd thinness in the still air that made it harder to catch his breath” and worrying about the rumors that a plague has returned to the city (4). The resurrection men prepare to leave the churchyard and go to the doctor who purchases the bodies they exhume. Three cloaked men appear out of the darkness and block their path. Munro escapes, but one of the men seizes Davey, cuts Davey’s arm, and adds a drop of his blood to a vial of purple liquid. The blood turns the vial’s contents a glowing golden color, which causes the mysterious men to smile. The next morning, the priest finds the abandoned wheelbarrow containing Penelope Harkness’s body.
The next section of the Prologue is an excerpt from Dr. Beecham’s Treatise on Anatomy: or, The Prevention and Cure of Modern Diseases. Drawing from his decades of medical experience, the doctor emphasizes the importance of a thorough understanding of anatomy. In particular, he sees dissection as essential to a doctor’s training: “[N]o prospective physician will ever hope to be a service to our profession without first effectuating at least a dozen bodies and studying their component parts” (7). Dr. Beecham laments that some of his colleagues use resurrection men’s services to obtain bodies. He assures the reader that his subjects are men and women who received the death penalty and whose bodies are donated to science under British law.
On an overcast day, Hazel Sinnett finds a dead frog during her morning walk and carries it back to Hawthornden Castle. She enters through the kitchens to avoid attention and finds the cook cradling a deep cut in “the meaty palm of the base of her well-callused hand” (10). Hazel stitches and bandages the injury while offering words of comfort to the grateful cook. The young noblewoman leads a lonely life. Her father’s regiment is posted on Saint Helena, her mother is in mourning, and her spoiled seven-year-old brother, Percy, is absorbed in playtime and lessons. Hazel welcomes this solitude, especially when she has an experiment in hand. Her cousin, Bernard, saw a scientist in Switzerland use electricity to reanimate frog legs and a convict’s severed head. By impaling the frog on a poker and waving a key over its limbs, Hazel can make the body move. After her experiment succeeds, she hears her mother weeping about George, Hazel’s brother who died of the Roman fever.
An excerpt from Dr. Beecham’s Treatise on Anatomy on the Roman fever lists its symptoms, which include “blackened gums, lethargy, decreased urination, and aches” (21). The plague’s name comes from the bloody boils on the backs of the infected, which resemble Julius Caesar’s wounds. The fever claimed over 5,000 lives in Edinburgh in 1815 and has no known cure.
Dr. Beecham III, the grandson of the famous surgeon who wrote the treatise, will soon give a medical demonstration. Hazel looks forward to the event far more than the ones that fill her social calendar as a young noblewoman, “dreary luncheons with dowdy widowers and insufferable debutantes or the dull, endless balls” (24). She is expected to marry her cousin Bernard to preserve the family’s wealth and title. Hazel finds this match acceptable because having a powerful man’s support would prove invaluable during her medical training and because she wants to leave behind Hawthornden and the grief that fills the castle.
During a visit to Bernard’s fashionable home in Edinburgh, she sees Dr. Edmund Straine remove a molar from “a beggar in dust-colored rags” and implant it in the jaw of Bernard’s father, Lord Almont (26). The doctor frostily ignores Hazel and takes his leave once the operation is complete. Hazel asks her cousin to join her for a walk.
During their walk, Hazel shows Bernard an advertisement for Dr. Beecham’s demonstration and asks him to escort her there. He rejects her entreaties, saying that surgeons are little more than butchers and that the situation would be different if she “wanted to pretend that [she was] going to become a physician—or a nurse” (35). Bernard tears up the advertisement and suggests a more socially acceptable outing instead. Upset but wishing to conceal her feelings, Hazel insists on finishing her walk without her cousin.
Hazel sees one of the Almonts’ maids slip a piece of paper to a tall, dark-haired boy named Jack and receive a few coins in exchange. The boy notices Hazel and gives her a look “that might have been a smile or a smirk or maybe just a trick of the light” before vanishing in the direction of the smoggy, lower-class Old Town (38). She thinks about the gray-eyed boy during her carriage ride back to Hawthornden.
Seventeen-year-old Jack Currer meets with Jeanette, a girl who supplies information about recent burials to resurrection men. Jeanette recently started work as a maid at Almont House, and she is anxious to keep the job. She warns Jack that one of the bodies may have died of the Roman fever, but he dismisses the rumors. Jack notices a noblewoman spying on their conversation. Looking at the brown-eyed, red-haired young woman, he notes that she is “pretty, in the way that all wealthy girls are” (41). Jack surmises that she is married because she isn’t accompanied by a chaperone. He feels “a prickling heat [creep] up the back of his neck” when his gaze meets Hazel’s (41), and he’s relieved when she enters a carriage.
An encyclopedia entry on the first Dr. William Beecham identifies him as the founder of the Royal Edinburgh Anatomists’ Society and the author of a seminal text for medical students. According to the encyclopedia, Beecham developed an interest in the occult towards the end of his life, sought a means of achieving eternal life, and died due to poisoning from his alchemical experiments.
Hazel concocts a plan to ride to Edinburgh and sneak into Dr. Beecham’s demonstration without her family’s noticing her absence. She reaches the Royal Edinburgh Anatomists’ Society without incident. Despite Bernard’s insistence that the demonstration would be “a den of ruffians and theatrical actors” (49), the men waiting to see Dr. Beecham at work look like respectable gentlemen to Hazel. She tries to sneak into the surgical theater after the demonstration begins, but she finds the door locked and sinks to the ground in defeat. Jack, a stranger to her at this point, helps her up and shows her another way inside. When Hazel asks Jack if he’ll join her for the demonstration, he replies, “I see enough misery in real life to need to see some doctor do it for applause” (53). Jack leads Hazel to a passage under the audience’s seats that offers an excellent view of the stage. He vanishes before she can thank him.
On the walk to his day job, Jack recalls the events of the previous night: He isn’t sure why he helped the wealthy young woman, but thinks it was because she looked “more alone than was possible” (57). Now Jack hastens his steps towards Le Grand Leon, the theater where he works as an all-purpose assistant—washing costumes, cleaning the stage, constructing sets, and doing “whatever else Mr. Anthony asked of him” (58). He plans to ask a dancer named Isabella to join him for a drink after this evening’s performance.
Dr. Beecham’s patient for the demonstration is a man with a severely infected leg. When the patient struggles anxiously, a man with a tall hat and a man with a mustache hold him down. The doctor tells his skeptical audience that he has found a way to render surgery painless. Beecham produces a bottle containing a fluid that is “deep sapphire laced with silver” and smells like flowers, rot, and something Hazel struggles to identify (62). Dr. Beecham calls the substance ethereum or “the Scotsman’s dodge” (63). He uses a handkerchief soaked in the fluid to sedate the patient, who sleeps peacefully through the amputation of his leg.
Hazel notes how closely the triumphant doctor resembles portraits of his illustrious grandfather. Dr. Beecham announces that he will give a series of anatomy lectures for those preparing to take the Royal Physician’s Exam. The idea of attending the lecture series thrills Hazel, who imagines herself becoming an accomplished doctor and finding the cure for the Roman fever. Back outside, Dr. Straine recognizes Hazel and reminds her that women aren’t permitted in the Anatomists’ Society. Night has fallen by the time that she reaches Hawthornden Castle. Lying in bed, Hazel remembers how she felt when she had the plague and realizes that ethereum smells like death.
In the novel’s first section, Hazel’s dream of becoming a surgeon begins to take shape as danger looms over Edinburgh. One of the greatest threats hanging over the city is the Roman fever. The plague ties together two of the novel’s major themes. Because the disease has no known cure and is highly contagious, it shows the fragility of life, which connects to The Duality of Life and Death. For people living in Edinburgh in the early 19th century, death is a constant presence, and therefore they are continually reminded of their own mortality. The Roman fever also makes important contributions to the theme of Ambition and Opportunity. Hazel and her brother George both contracted the plague, but Hazel survived, while George, whom she considers “stronger and smarter and braver than she,” didn’t (49). Feeling both survivor’s guilt and a degree of outrage at the apparent randomness of life and death, she plans to become a doctor so that she can cure the disease that took her older brother’s life.
Hazel’s fascination with The Duality of Life and Death and her tireless ambition define her character. Chapter 1 introduces her as a protagonist, establishes her family dynamics, and presents several of her key traits. She demonstrates intelligence, skill, kindness, and scientific curiosity by stitching the cook’s hand and reanimating the dead frog. Hazel’s experiment with the frog is inspired by the work of Luigi Galvani, a real historical scientist who conducted experiments with bioelectricity. The scene with the frog also calls to mind a famous fictional scientist associated with reanimation, Mary Shelley’s Victor Frankenstein. Bernard saw Galvani in Switzerland, Frankenstein’s home country. This is one early example of Frankenstein’s strong influence on Dana Schwartz’s Gothic romance.
In addition to Hazel’s fascination with science, class is another key factor in Hazel’s characterization. As a noblewoman living in a castle, Hazel possesses privileges and opportunities that most of society does not enjoy. Even her loneliness has its advantages because it gives her the time and space to pursue her interest in medicine.
Class plays an important role in the novel’s third major theme, The Brutality of Corruption. The Prologue establishes that doctors pay members of the working class to break the law so they can secure cadavers for study. In addition, the cloaked men who abduct Davey are finely dressed. The surgery in Chapter 2 further develops this theme. Lord Almont hires Dr. Straine to rip a molar out of a poor man’s mouth and transplant it into his own. After the beggar departs in tears, Lord Almont describes the operation as a “[g]hastly business, but a small price to pay for one’s health and well-being” (28). As the novel continues, lower-class characters continue to face violence and exploitation from those who deem them expendable.
Class and status also influence Hazel’s relationships. Hazel’s family expects her to marry Bernard, and their match is based on socioeconomic advantages rather than love. In Chapter 3, Bernard reveals that he disapproves of Hazel’s medical ambitions and sees surgery as an inferior profession: “Hazel, surgery is the field for men with no money. No status. They’re butchers, really!” (35). Prior to this conversation, Hazel believed her cousin genuinely supported her dream. Her hopes for her future are threatened by the realization that Bernard expects her to prioritize respectability over her ambitions. With fortuitous timing, a new love interest appears in that very chapter. While Jack possesses none of Bernard’s resources and social influence, he cares about Hazel, and he helps her move towards her goals by showing her a secret passage to the surgical theater. Jack reflects on his decision to help the young noblewoman in Chapter 6: “She was wealthy, the type that should have helped herself” (57). Despite the difference in their social stations, he still has empathy for the lonely, dejected young woman.
Through foreshadowing and suspense, Chapter 7 sets up the rest of the novel. The men who restrain the patient abducted Davey in the Prologue, suggesting that Dr. Beecham is connected to the resurrection men’s disappearances. The encyclopedia entry at the end of Chapter 4 informs the reader that the first Dr. Beecham sought eternal life. In Chapter 7, Hazel notes the striking resemblance between the surgeon and his illustrious grandfather. Taken together, these clues foreshadow that Dr. Beecham found the secret of immortality and is pretending to be his own grandson. However, it will take time for the protagonist to learn the insidious nature of Beecham’s medical breakthroughs. For now, she continues to hero-worship him and see him as a potential mentor. Hazel is certain that studying under Beecham will allow her to achieve her dreams, and his lectures become the focus of her ambitions in the next section of the novel.
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